%0 Journal Article
%T Pretreatment Fasting Glucose and Insulin as Determinants of Weight Loss on Diets Varying in Macronutrients and Dietary Fibers¡ªThe POUNDS LOST Study
%A Arne Astrup
%A Catherine M. Champagne
%A Derek C. Miketinas
%A Donald A. Williamson
%A Donna H. Ryan
%A Frank M. Sacks
%A George A. Bray
%A Jennifer Rood
%A Lorien Urban
%A Mads F. Hjorth
%A Yishai Zohar
%J Archive of "Nutrients".
%D 2019
%R 10.3390/nu11030586
%X Efforts to identify a preferable diet for weight management based on macronutrient composition have largely failed, but recent evidence suggests that satiety effects of carbohydrates may depend on the individual¡¯s insulin-mediated cellular glucose uptake. Therefore, using data from the POUNDS LOST trial, pre-treatment fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FI), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were studied as prognostic markers of long-term weight loss in four diets differing in carbohydrate, fat, and protein content, while assessing the role of dietary fiber intake. Subjects with FPG <100 mg/dL lost 2.6 (95% CI 0.9;4.4, p = 0.003) kg more on the low-fat/high-protein (n = 132) compared to the low-fat/average-protein diet (n = 136). Subjects with HOMA-IR ¡Ý4 lost 3.6 (95% CI 0.2;7.1, p = 0.038) kg more body weight on the high-fat/high-protein (n = 35) compared to high-fat/average-protein diet (n = 33). Regardless of the randomized diet, subjects with prediabetes and FI below the median lost 5.6 kg (95% CI 0.6;10.6, p = 0.030) more when consuming ¡Ý35 g (n = 15) compared to <35 g dietary fiber/10 MJ (n = 16). Overall, subjects with normal glycemia lost most on the low-fat/high-protein diet, subjects with high HOMA-IR lost most on the high-fat/high protein diet, and subjects with prediabetes and low FI had particular benefit from dietary fiber in the diet
%K glucose
%K insulin
%K weight
%K diet
%K macronutrient composition
%K clinical nutrition
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6470525/