%0 Journal Article
%T A microbiota-generated bile salt induces biofilm formation in Clostridium difficile
%A Audrey Hamiot
%A Bruno Dupuy
%A Isabelle Martin-Verstraete
%A Julien Deschamps
%A Marc Monot
%A Romain Briandet
%A Thomas Dubois
%A Yannick D. N. Tremblay
%J Archive of "NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes".
%D 2019
%R 10.1038/s41522-019-0087-4
%X Effects of bile salts and deoxycholate on biofilm formation by C. difficile strain 630¦¤erm. a Bacteria were grown in BHISG supplemented with the indicated concentrations of bile salt extract or b deoxycholate. a, b Biofilm formation was evaluated at 72£¿h. In (b), representative image of a CV stained biofilm produced by cells cultured in the presence of increasing DOC concentrations. c Biofilm formation was evaluated after 48£¿h growth in the presence of 240£¿¦ÌM bile acids [cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), chenodexycholic acid (CDCA)] or bile salts [cholate (CHO), deoxycholate (DOC) or chenodeoxycholate (CDOC)]. Asterisks indicate statistical significance determined with a Kruskal¨CWallis test followed by an uncorrected Dunn¡¯s test (*p£¿¡Ü£¿0.05, **p£¿¡Ü£¿0.001, ***p£¿¡Ü£¿0.001 vs BHISG with 0£¿mg/mL bile salts or 0£¿¦ÌM DOC). d Biofilm formation kinetics in the presence or absence of 240£¿¦ÌM DOC. Biofilm formation (a¨Cd) was measured using a crystal violet assay that included two PBS washing before staining (see the Methods section). e Kinetics of CFU grown in the presence or absence of 240£¿¦ÌM DOC. The CFU counts were performed with unwashed biofilms (see the Methods section). Asterisks indicate statistical significance determined with a two-way ANOVA followed by a Fisher LSD test (***p£¿¡Ü£¿0.001, ****p£¿¡Ü£¿0.0001 vs 24£¿h). Data shown indicate the mean and the error bars represent the standard error of the mean of at least five experiments performed on different day
%K Biofilms
%K Bacteriology
%K Pathogens
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6509328/