%0 Journal Article
%T LATERAL PATELLAR INCLINATION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: MODIFIED
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE TO CHARACTERIZE PATELLAR INSTABILITY
%J Archive of "Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine".
%D 2019
%R 10.1177/2325967119S00091
%X Patellar instability (PI), although rare, occurs most often in younger patients with underlying pathoanatomy. Patellar tilt is one of many identified risk factors for PI. Lateral patellar inclination (LPI) angle measures patellar tilt relative to the distal femur as viewed on the axial MRI with the widest cross-section of the patella. The LPI measurement has historically been described with reference to the posterior aspect of the femur at the same transverse level as the widest cross-section of the patella. Given the transitional anatomy of the distal femur and variable heights of the patella, the LPI may be better represented by referencing the axis of the fully formed posterior condyles. The posterior condyles represent a true axis of rotation that serves as an internal reference for knee motion and are clearly visible on MRI. Normative values for LPI have not been established and accepted in the literature; and, proposed maximum thresholds range from 10กใ to 20กใ. We hypothesized that a modified LPI measurement (LPI) referencing the posterior condylar axis would be different from the apparent LPI (ALPI) as measured historically in a pediatric and adolescent population. Given the clarity of fully formed posterior condyles as compared with the posterior femur transitioning from the shaft to the condyles, we also hypothesized that the modified LPI would have higher inter- and intra-rater reliability than the ALPI measurements
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446514/