%0 Journal Article
%T Role of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer
%A Robert M. Hoffman
%A Ryusei Matsuyama
%A Takashi Murakami
%A Yuki Homma
%A Yukihiko Hiroshima
%J Archive of "Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery".
%D 2019
%R 10.1002/ags3.12225
%X Pancreatic cancer remains a highly recalcitrant disease despite the development of systemic chemotherapies. New treatment options are thus urgently required. Dense stromal formation, so©\called ˇ°desmoplastic stroma,ˇ± plays controversial roles in terms of pancreatic cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Cells such as cancer©\associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells comprise the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is considered an immune©\quiescent disease, but activation of immunological response in pancreatic cancer may contribute to favorable outcomes. Herein, we review the role of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer, with a focus on immunological aspects
%K immune cell
%K immunomodulation
%K pancreatic cancer
%K tumor©\infiltrating lymphocyte
%K tumor microenvironment
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6422798/