%0 Journal Article
%T Pathophysiology of the Effects of Alcohol Abuse on the Endocrine System
%A Dipak K. Sarkar
%A Nadia Rachdaoui
%J Archive of "Alcohol Research : Current Reviews".
%D 2017
%X Alcohol can permeate virtually every organ and tissue in the body, resulting in tissue injury and organ dysfunction. Considerable evidence indicates that alcohol abuse results in clinical abnormalities of one of the body＊s most important systems, the endocrine system. This system ensures proper communication between various organs, also interfacing with the immune and nervous systems, and is essential for maintaining a constant internal environment. The endocrine system includes the hypothalamic每pituitary每adrenal axis, the hypothalamic每pituitary每gonadal axis, the hypothalamic每pituitary每thyroid axis, the hypothalamic每pituitary每growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis, and the hypothalamic每posterior pituitary axis, as well as other sources of hormones, such as the endocrine pancreas and endocrine adipose tissue. Alcohol abuse disrupts all of these systems and causes hormonal disturbances that may result in various disorders, such as stress intolerance, reproductive dysfunction, thyroid problems, immune abnormalities, and psychological and behavioral disorders. Studies in both humans and animal models have helped shed light on alcohol＊s effects on various components of the endocrine system and their consequences
%K Alcohol consumption
%K alcohol use
%K abuse
%K and dependence
%K harmful effects of alcohol
%K pathophysiology
%K endocrine system
%K hypothalamus
%K pituitary gland
%K hormones
%K hormonal disturbances
%K endocrine pancreas
%K endocrine adipose tissue
%K immune system
%K humans
%K animal models
%U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5513689/