%0 Journal Article %T Radiopharmaceuticals and Fluorescein Sodium Mediated Triple坼Modality Molecular Imaging Allows Precise Image坼Guided Tumor Surgery %A Caiguang Cao %A Haifeng Liu %A Hongbo Guo %A Meishan Cai %A Sheng Zheng %A Xiaojing Shi %A Xiaojun Zhang %A Yawei Qu %A Zeyu Zhang %A Zhenhua Hu %J Archive of "Advanced Science". %D 2019 %R 10.1002/advs.201900159 %X Radical resection is the most effective method for malignant tumor treatments. However, conventional imaging cannot fully satisfy the clinical needs of surgical navigation. This study presents a novel triple坼modality positron emission tomography (PET)每Cerenkov radiation energy transfer (CRET)每confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) imaging strategy for intraoperative tumor imaging and surgical navigation. Using clinical radiopharmaceuticals and fluorescein sodium (FS), this strategy can accurately detect the tumor and guide the tumor surgery. The FS emission property under Cerenkov radiation excitation is investigated using 2坼deoxy坼2坼18F坼fluoroglucose and 11C坼choline. Performances of the PET每CRET每CLE imaging and the CRET每CLE image坼guided surgery are evaluated on mouse models. The CRET signal at 8 mm depth is stronger than the Cerenkov luminescence at 1 mm depth in phantoms. In vivo experiments indicate that 0.5 mL kgˋ1 of 10% FS generates the strongest CRET signal, which can be observed immediately after FS injection. A surgical navigation study shows that the tumors are precisely detected and resected using intraoperative CRET每CLE. In summary, a PET每CRET每CLE triple坼modality imaging strategy is developed. This strategy can detect the tumors and precisely guide the tumor resection using clinical pharmaceuticals. This triple坼modality imaging shows high potential in surgical navigation research and clinical translation %K Cerenkov luminescence imaging %K Cerenkov radiation energy transfer %K confocal laser endomicroscopy %K malignant tumors %K positron emission computed tomography %U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6662088/