%0 Journal Article %T ¦Ã¦Ä T cells provide the early source of IFN-¦Ã to aggravate lesions in spinal cord injury %J JEM | The Journal of Experimental Medicine %D 2018 %R 10.1084/jem.20170686 %X Immune responses and neuroinflammation are critically involved in spinal cord injury (SCI). ¦Ã¦Ä T cells, a small subset of T cells, regulate the inflammation process in many diseases, yet their function in SCI is still poorly understood. In this paper, we demonstrate that mice deficient in ¦Ã¦Ä T cells (TCR¦Ä£¿/£¿) showed improved functional recovery after SCI. ¦Ã¦Ä T cells are detected at the lesion sites within 24 hours after injury and are predominantly of the V¦Ã4 subtype and express the inflammatory cytokine IFN-¦Ã. Inactivating IFN-¦Ã signaling in macrophages results in a significantly reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of mice with SCIs and improves functional recovery. Furthermore, treatment of SCI with anti-V¦Ã4 antibodies has a beneficial effect, similar to that obtained with anti¨CTNF-¦Á. In SCI patients, ¦Ã¦Ä T cells are detected in the CSF, and most of them are IFN-¦Ã positive. In conclusion, manipulation of ¦Ã¦Ä T cell functions may be a potential approach for future SCI treatment. %U http://jem.rupress.org/content/215/2/521