%0 Journal Article %T What Will We Expect From Novel Therapies to Esophageal and Gastric Malignancies? %A A. Craig Lockhart %A Daniel Humberto Pozza %A Louis Vermeulen %A Luis Castelo-Branco %A Matthew Salzberg %A Pedro Castelo-Branco %A Sofia Palacio %J About the Ed Book | ASCO Educational Book %D 2018 %R https://doi.org/10.1200/EDBK_198805 %X The relative prevalence of gastric cancer has decreased over the past few decades, from the leading cause of cancer in 1975 to the fifth most common cancer; it is also the third leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes worldwide.1,2 Gastric cancer is also the leading cancer associated with infection,3 due to Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Gastric cancer has a twofold greater incidence in men than women and heterogeneous distribution across the world, with higher incidence and mortality rates in Asian countries, such as Korea, Japan, and China, and the lowest incidence in the Western world, such as in North America, where it is one of the least common cancers.4,5 Southern Europe, where this disease is the sixth most common malignancy, is also considered a high-risk area.6 Some risk factors that are associated with the development of gastric cancer include high intake of processed red meat or smoked preserved foods, smoking, high alcohol intake, and Helicobacter pylori infection, which is the main cause of noncardia gastric cancer; however, few studies have been conducted in low-income countries with high gastric cancer incidence.7 Histologically, gastric adenocarcinomas are classified as intestinal (85%¨C90%) or diffuse (10%¨C15%). The majority of gastric adenocarcinoma cases are sporadic (90%¨C95%), and only 5% to 10% have familial predisposition. Anatomically, proximal tumors are more common in Western countries, and nonproximal tumors are more frequent in Asian countries.6 By the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, proximal stomach tumors crossing the esophagogastric junction are classified and treated as esophageal carcinomas.8 MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION Section: ChooseTop of pageAbstractMOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION <