%0 Journal Article
%T Leiomyosarcoma of the Thyroid Gland: A Review of the Literature and Our Experience - Leiomyosarcoma of the Thyroid Gland: A Review of the Literature and Our Experience - Open Access Pub
%A Emilio Mevio
%A Luca Migliorini MD
%A Marco Cazzaniga MD
%A Mauro Mullace MD
%A Michele Sbrocca MD
%A Niccol¨° Mevio
%J OAP | Home | Journal of Thyroid Cancer | Open Access Pub
%D 2018
%X Primary thyroid leiomyosarcoma, is extremely rare, with only 19 cases reported in the literature to date. Onset of the tumor, which usually develops in only one lobe of the thyroid, is sudden and the tumor spreads rapidly to surrounding tissues. Preoperative differential diagnosis is extremely difficult. The long-term prognosis for the patient is extremely poor and unrelated to treatment. Indeed, thyroidectomy and neck dissection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy have not been shown to affect rate of recurrence and long-term survival. The authors describe the case of a patient with leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid gland and review the relevant literature, considering the differential diagnoses and alternative treatment strategies. DOI10.14302/issn.2574-4496.jtc-13-347 In the current WHO (2004) classification of thyroid tumors, leiomyosarcoma was included, together with its benign counterpart leiomyoma, among the smooth muscle tumors of the thyroid gland. It is assumed that these tumors arise from degeneration of the smooth muscle of vessel walls of the gland. Primary thyroid leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor, of which the literature reports only 19 cases1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 (see Table 1). Approximately 20% of sarcomas involve the head and neck region, affecting mainly the oral, subcutaneous soft tissues, lining of the sinuses and, rarely, the thyroid gland. Leiomyosarcomas account for only 0.014% of primary thyroid tumors. They usually develop in older subjects (mean age of known cases: 66 years) and show no correlation with gender. The development of distant metastases, mainly involving the lungs and liver, is a possibility in thyroid leiomyosarcoma, described in more than 50% of the cases reported in the literature to date (10/19). Table 1. Thyroid leiomyosarcoma reports in literature Author age sex T size (cm) treatment survival (m) M1 Mevio 2011 80 M 8 Tr+EB+PC 1 Y Bertelli 2009 39 M 3.5 TT+ND+RT 48 N Wang 2008 65 F 7.5 TT+ND+CT 4 N Uchida 2008 65 F 4 Tr+EB+CT 10 xxx Mansouri 2008 63 F 7 TT 5 Y Just 2008 83 F 9 PC 2 N Day 2007 43 M 6 TT+ND+CT 6 Y Takayama 2001 66 F 8.5 PT+TL 3 Y Tsuagawa 1999 90 F 8 Tr+EB+PC 2 xxx Thompson 1997 64 F 7.5 EB 5 Y ¡° 45 M 9 PT 11 Y ¡° 68 M 1.9 EB 18 Y ¡° 83 M 5.5 TT 3 Y Ozaki 1997 58 F 5 TT+ND 25 N Chetty 1993 54 F 3.5 PT 15 N Iida 1993 72 F 3 PT+ND 51 Y Kaur 1990 xxx xxx xxx xxx 12 xxx Kawahara 1988 82 M 5.5 PT+ND 4 N Adachi 1969 74 F 12 CT 1 Y £¿ (TT: total thyroidectomy; PT: partial thyroidectomy; TL: total laryngectomy; ND: neck dissection; Tr: tracheotomy; EB:
%U https://www.openaccesspub.org/jtc/article/154