膨润土是以蒙脱石为主要矿物成分的非金属矿产，被称为“万能土”。从1898年美国地质学者发现以来，在工农业生产24个领域100多个部门中得到广泛应用，有300多个产品。本文较为全面地综述了膨润土矿藏的分类、特点及产地分布，以及膨润土在防水工程、水处理、钻井以及农业生产等几个重要领域的研究进展。此外，还简介了有机膨润土改性的进展和在油漆、化妆品、涂料、墨水、沥青处理等工业各领域中的应用情况。本文可为各领域的膨润土研究人员提供参考。
Bentonite is a kind of non-metallic mineral with montmorillonite as its main mineral composition. Since its discovery by American geologists in 1898, it has been widely used in more than 100 de-partments in 24 fields of industrial and agricultural production, with more than 300 products. In this paper, the classification, characteristics and distribution of bentonite mineral deposits are reviewed. In addition, the progress of organobentonite modification and its application in paint, cosmetics, coatings, inks, asphalt treatment and other industrial fields are introduced. This paper can provide reference for bentonite researchers in various fields.