%0 Journal Article
%T Phytopigments, Proline, Chlorophyll Index, Yield and Leaf Nitrogen as Impacted by Rootstock, Training System, and Girdling in ˇ°Aztec Fujiˇ± Apple
%A Esmaeil Fallahi
%A Shahla Mahdavi
%A Clive Kaiser
%A Bahar Fallahi
%J American Journal of Plant Sciences
%P 1583-1598
%@ 2158-2750
%D 2019
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ajps.2019.109112
%X World overpopulation, scarcity
of water and finite arable land mandate a mor</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">e efficient use of these natural resources. To
remain</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">sustainable,</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">modern</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">-</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">day</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> a</span><span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">pple (</span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Malus domestica</span></i></span></span><i><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Borkh.) fruit production utilizes</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">high</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">-</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">density orchards on s</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">emi-dwarfing, precocious rootstocks.</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Nonetheless, little attention has been paid to the
use of size-controlling practices such as trunk girdling in these modern
orchard systems. The impact of two rootstocks, two tree architecture (train</span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">ing) systems, and three levels of girdling (in
spring) on chlorophyll index (CI), </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">proline,
chlorophyll content (Chl; a, b, a</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">+</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">b),
carotenoids, anthocyanin, yield, fruit weight and leaf nitrogen (N) in ˇ°Aztec
Fujiˇ± were studied in 2015 and 2016. Trees on ˇ°Bud</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">9ˇ± had up
to</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">5% higher chlorophyll indices in leaves on side branches than those on ˇ°Nic
29ˇ±</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">at each sampling time in 2015 and 2016. However, trees on ˇ°Nic 29ˇ± had up
to 5.5% chlorophyll index in terminal branches, 14% higher Chl b, 54% higher</span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"> </span><span style=\"font-family:&quot;\"><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">leaf
proline in 2015, up </span><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">to 5% higher leaf
%K Canopy Architecture
%K Cambium Ringing
%K Growth Control
%K High Density Orchards
%K &lt
%K i&gt
%K Malus x domestica&lt
%K /i&gt
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=95071