%0 Journal Article
%T Human Reproductive Health in Relation to Thyroid Alterations
%A Thushani Siriwardhane
%A Karthik Krishna
%A Qi Song
%A Vinodh Ranganathan
%A Vasanth Jayaraman
%A Tianhao Wang
%A Kang Bei
%A John J. Rajasekaran
%A Hari Krishnamurthy
%J Health
%P 1095-1133
%@ 1949-5005
%D 2019
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/health.2019.118086
%X <strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid alterations have adverse effects on other health systems in the body, and reproductive system is one of the most affected organs. Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis on the effects of different thyroid abnormalities on sexual and reproductive-related hormones in both men and women in different age groups. <strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive analysis was performed on 15,043 subjects within the reproductive age (15 - 49 years). They were tested for thyroid markers (TSH, FT4, anti-TPO, anti-Tg) and 13 reproductive hormones in Vibrant America Clinical Laboratory between March 2016 to July 2018. The alterations of each reproductive hormone in hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, anti-TPO+ anti-Tg+ groups were evaluated. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 10,626 women was tested. Women with hypothyroidism had elevated cortisol and low SHBG and DHEA-S. Women with hyperthyroidism showed elevated total testosterone and SHBG. Women seropositive for anti-TPO had elevated total testosterone and low cortisol. Women seropositive for anti-Tg had low parathyroid hormones. Similarly, a total of 4417 men was tested. Men with hypothyroidism had low IGF-I. Similarly, men with hyperthyroidism had low DHEA-S, but elevated estradiol, FSH, LH and prolactin. Men seropositive for anti-TPO had elevated SHBG and low progesterone. Men seropositive for anti-Tg had elevated progesterone. The reproductive and related hormone levels of age group 36 - 49 showed the most variations. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results clearly show that individuals with different thyroid alterations have different effects on reproductive health, especially in the age group 36 - 49. Hence, routine testing and follow-up checkups on reproductive system would be beneficial for individuals in the age group 36 - 49 with thyroid disorders.
%K Reproductive Hormones
%K Hypothyroidism
%K Hyperthyroidism
%K Thyroid Disease
%K Thyroid Autoantibodies
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=94771