%0 Journal Article
%T Four Cousins with Hypospadias, Is It Familial  or Environmental? (Case Report)
%A Mohamed Elsayed Mohamed Mohamed
%A Mina Senada
%A Mohamed Ahmed Hassan
%A Yousef Abdalazeem
%J Modern Plastic Surgery
%P 59-63
%@ 2164-5280
%D 2019
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/mps.2019.93008
%X Hypospadias is one of the most common birth defects. However, its etiology remains largely unknown. Genetic and also intrauterine environmental factors have a principal role in causing familial hypospadias. Hypospadias repair is done through several techniques, one of which is Snodgrass technique which has many advantages. The 4 cousins underwent repair with no complications during 6 months follow up period. <strong>Methods:</strong> Urethroplasty using Snodgrass hypospadias repair of 4 cousins with positive parental consanguinity and absent family history of hypospadias.<strong> Results</strong><strong>:</strong> 4 cousins underwent Snodgrass (Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty) with no complications after 6 months follow up.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> Although there is high heritability of hypospadias that also aggregates within second- and third-degree relatives, environmental factors may play a principal role in causing familial hypospadias. Hypospadias repair has a long learning curve. The continuous auditing should be done to improve the results.
%K Hypospadias
%K Familial
%K Environmental
%K Snodgrass Repair
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=94095