%0 Journal Article
%T Geothermal, Oceanic, Wildfire, Meteorological and Anthropogenic Impacts on PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations in the Fairbanks Metropolitan Area
%A Nicole M£¿lders
%A Gilberto Javier Fochesatto
%A Stanley Gene Edwin
%A Gerhard Kramm
%J Open Journal of Air Pollution
%P 19-68
%@ 2169-2661
%D 2019
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ojap.2019.82002
%X The impacts of low and high-frequency variability from teleconnections between large scale atmospheric processes and local weather as well as emissions changes on concentrations of particulate matter of 2.5 ¦Ìm or less in diameter ([PM2.5]) were examined for the Fairbanks Metropolitan Area (FMA). October to March and May to August mean [PM2.5] were 1.8 and 3.1 ¦Ìg·m-3 higher for positive than negative annual mean Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Annual mean [PM2.5] were 3.8 ¦Ìg·m-3 lower for positive than negative Southern Oscillation Index. On 1999-2018 average, [PM2.5] decreased 2.9 ¦Ìg·m-3·decade-1. On average over October to March, decadal and inter-annual variability caused higher or similar differences in mean observed [PM2.5] and its species than emission-control measures. The 2006 implementation of Tier 2 for new vehicles decreased observed sulfate concentrations the strongest (~4.95 ¦Ìg·m-3