%0 Journal Article
%T 表达权还是知情权： 信息自由概念的内涵变迁<br>The Right to express or the Right to know/Access: The Connotation Change of the Concept of Freedom of Information
%A 黄建友
%J 国际新闻界
%D 2018
%X 摘要 信息自由概念出现于上个世纪40年代的美国，概念萌生之初被用来表述言论出版自 由框架下信息的自由传播。然而美国新闻界在试图推动世界范围内的信息自由传播时发 现，政府才是信息自由传播的主要障碍，于是新闻界开始将目标转向美国国内，进而发 起知情权运动。最终在新闻界和国会的共同努力下，一部被称为《信息自由法》的法律 出台，用以专门保护获取政府信息的权利。在这一进程中，信息自由这一概念在用来指 称表达权的同时亦开始被用作知情权的指代，致使概念认知产生混淆，也形塑了相应的 法律实践。这既是概念使用的惯习性结果，也是立法推动者对概念的策略性使用结果。 不过，随着知情权或信息获取权被越来越多的国家和地区宪法以及相关法律的明确承 认，信息自由概念应该重新回归其本意，成为表述表达权的专有名词。<br>The concept of freedom of information emerged in the United States in the 1940s. At the beginning of the concept, it was used to express the free communication of information under the freedom of speech and press. However, when the US press tried to promote the free communication of information around the world, it was found that the government was the main obstacle. Therefore, the press began to turn its target to the United States, and then launched the right to know movement. Eventually, with the joint efforts of the press and the Congress, a law called the Freedom of Information Act was introduced to specifcally protect the right to access to government information. In this process, the concept of freedom of information is used as a reference to the right to know while being used to refer to the right to express, causing confusion in conceptual cognition and shaping corresponding legal practices. This is both a habitual result of the use of the concept and a result of the strategic use of the concept by the legislative promoter. However, as the right to know or the right to information is explicitly recognized by more and more national and regional constitutions and related laws, the concept of freedom of information should return to its original intention and become a proper term for expressing the right to express
%K 信息自由
%K 表达权
%K 知情权<br>Freedom of information
%K the Right to express
%K the Right to know/access
%U http://cjjc.ruc.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract829.shtml