%0 Journal Article
%T 上海动物园圈养斑嘴环企鹅种群统计学与遗传学分析<br>Demography and Genetics Analysis of Captive Population of Spheniscus demersus in Shanghai Zoo
%A 黄康宁
%A 张志浩
%A 裴恩乐
%J 四川动物
%D 2018
%X 中文摘要：根据1984-2017年上海动物园圈养斑嘴环企鹅 Spheniscus demersus数据，应用Sparks 1.6和PMx 1.0进行数据整理、统计学和遗传学分析。结果显示，该种群数量呈增长状态，但也存在如下问题：（1）种群中未知性别比例过高，占46.25%；（2）种群年龄结构不合理，0~4岁及7~8岁个体数量不足，育龄个体中未知性别的数量较多；（3）雌雄个体0~1岁、10~13岁的死亡率偏高，曲霉菌病是致死的主要原因；（4）参与繁殖的奠基者数量（9只）和潜在奠基者数量（1只）少，分属2个家系，且后代数和贡献值明显不均衡，种群的平均亲缘关系值为0.097 2，种群的平均近亲繁殖系数为0.099 5，存在近亲繁殖现象；（5）虽然现有种群保留了野生个体90.28%的基因多样性，但未来丢失也较快。因此，为了建立健康的斑嘴环企鹅种群，应尽快引进新的血统，开展性别鉴定工作，采取预防为主、防治结合的方式降低曲霉菌病的致病率；采用各种技术如人工授精技术提高企鹅受精率，为繁殖个体，尤其是后代数量过少的奠基者个体提供均等的繁殖机会，从而加强上海动物园圈养斑嘴环企鹅的种群管理。<br>英文摘要：Based on the data of captive African penguin ( Spheniscus demersus) in Shanghai Zoo from 1984 to 2017, population management software Sparks 1.6 and PMx 1.0 were used to perform demographic and genetic analyses. The results showed that although the population of captive S. demersus was continuously increased, there were still many problems such as: (1) high proportion individuals of unknown sex (46.25%); (2) unreasonable age structure (the number of individuals aged from 0-4 and 7-8 was insufficient, and the number of unknown sex individuals was greater during reproductive age); (3) the mortality was high between the age of 0-1 and 10-13 with aspergillosis as a leading cause of death; (4) there were 9 founders and 1 potential founder of the population belonging to 2 families and their offsprings and contribution value were obviously imbalanced; the mean kinship was 0.097 2, and the mean inbreeding coefficient of population was 0.099 5, which indicated there was inbreeding; (5) although 90.28% of gene diversity in wild population was preserved, it would lost fast in the future. Based on practical experiences, effective measures should be taken to establish a healthy penguin population, such as introducing new individuals as soon as possible, sex identification, reducing incidence of aspergillosis by prevention and controlling, improving fertilization rate by artificial insemination, and providing equal reproductive chance for breeding individuals, especially for the founders. 2018,37(2): 164-171 收稿日期：2017-10-20 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20170321 分类号：Q959.7 作者简介：黄康宁,女,硕士研究生,工程师,主要从事野生动物资源保护与饲养管理工作,E-mail:knhuang@163.com 参考文献： 常洪宇, 汪茹, 汪翠, 等. 2016. 禽曲霉菌病的流行、诊断与中药防治[J]. 现代畜牧科技, 5(17):105. 陈国亮, 李仲逵, 宋培琳, 等. 2001. 华南虎现状及谱系分析[J]. 动物学杂志, 36(4):45-48. 陈晓兰, 刘佳中. 2014. 一例关于企鹅肾衰竭的病例报告[C]. 华东地区动物园论文集, 35:566-568. 陈云霜, 李仲逵, 付建义. 2000. 斑嘴环企鹅的饲养和繁殖[C]. 中国鸟类学研究——第四届海峡两岸鸟类学术研讨会文集. 高喜凤. 2014. 中国黑叶猴圈养种群现状分析[J]. 野生动物学报, 35(3):267-270. 耿广耀, 袁耀华, 刘群秀, 等. 2015. 上海动物园非洲企鹅种群线粒体DNA序列分析及遗传管理[J]. 野生动物学报, 36(2):206-210. 耿广耀. 2015. 圈养斑嘴环企鹅的种群遗传管理[D]. 哈尔滨:东北林业大学. 何相宝, 田秀华, 李晓敏, 等.
%K 斑嘴环企鹅
%K 上海动物园
%K 圈养种群
%K 遗传学管理&lt
%K br&gt
%K 英文关键字： Spheniscus demersus
%K Shanghai Zoo
%K captive population
%K genetic management
%U http://www.scdwzz.com/viewmulu.aspx?qi_id=1801&mid=56039&xuhao=6