%0 Journal Article
%T NO对水稻孕穗期干旱胁迫下叶片光合及产量的影响
%A 刘海艳
%A 杨丽洁
%A 丁艳锋
%A 李刚华
%A 王绍华
%A 刘正辉
%A 唐设
%A 刘仁梅
%A 蒋卫红
%J 南京农业大学学报
%D 2017
%R 10.7685/jnau.201605012
%X [目的]本文旨在探讨NO对水稻孕穗期干旱胁迫下叶片光合机构损伤的缓解作用。[方法]以‘早玉香粳’为试验材料，采用盆栽，在孕穗期设4个处理：正常水分管理+喷施清水（用WT表示）；正常水分管理+喷施100 μmol？L-1硝普钠（SNP，sodium nitroprusside）（W100）；干旱胁迫+喷施清水（DS）；干旱胁迫+喷施100 μmol？L-1 SNP（D100）。在喷施SNP后1、4、7、10 d取样，测定水稻光合作用，叶绿素荧光动力学参数，抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）]活性，丙二醛（MDA）含量，超氧阴离子（O2？）产生速率和过氧化氢（H2O2）含量以及产量等指标。[结果]与正常水分管理相比，干旱胁迫下水稻SOD、CAT、POD活性显著升高，一定程度上可以抑制MDA积累；H2O2含量、O2？产生速率显著增加并随着干旱胁迫加剧持续增加；净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）随着干旱胁迫加剧，呈下降趋势；胞间CO2浓度（Ci）呈先下降后上升的趋势；叶绿素荧光参数最小荧光（Fo）、非荧光淬灭（NPQ）显著上升，并随着干旱的持续加剧上升；最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、光化学淬灭（qP）显著下降，并随着干旱的持续加剧下降，最终导致水稻产量显著下降。叶面喷施NO，短期内降低了水稻Pn，但提高了水稻干旱胁迫时叶片抗氧化酶活性，其中H2O2、MDA含量以及O2？产生速率较干旱喷水处理降低了14.4%、18.3%、14.38%；同时诱导气孔关闭，继而降低蒸腾速率，减少水分过度消耗；缓解了Fo的增加和Fv/Fm、qP的下降，并进一步增加了NPQ，加快复水后光合机构功能修复，最终产量较干旱胁迫下提高了21.0%。[结论]NO对水稻孕穗期干旱胁迫下光合机构具有明显的保护作用，并促进复水后光合作用的恢复，减轻了干旱造成的产量损失。</br>[Objectives] The paper aims to analyze the alleviated effects of exogenous nitric oxide on the photosynthesis of rice under drought stress at booting stage. [Methods] The rice variety ‘Zaoyuxiangjing’ as experimental material was planted in pot,setting up four processings at booting stage:normal moisture management+spraying water(indicated by WT);normal moisture management+100 μmol？L-1 SNP(sodium nitroprusside)(W100);drought stress+spraying water(DS);drought stress+spraying 100 μmol？L-1 SNP(D100). The leaves of rice were sampled on the 1st,4th,7th,10th day after spraying SNP,and analyzed on the effect on net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,the activity of antioxidant enzyme(SOD,CAT,POD),membrane lipid peroxidation(MDA) content,hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) content,superoxide anion(O2？)-generating rate and yield of per pot. [Results] Under drought stress,rice maintained a higher activity of SOD,POD and CAT,leading to a decrease in MDA content to an extent. Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) content and superoxide anion(O2？)-generating rate increased when drought stress became serious. The Pn,Gsand Tr decreased consistently. And Ci decreased at first,then increased. The minimal fluorescence level(Fo) and non-photochemical quenching(NPQ)increased significantly. The maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm) and photochemical fluorescence quenching efficiency declined significantly,which led to the decline of yield. When SNP was applied,Pn was reduced on the 1st day after treatments. The activity of SOD,POD,CAT further improved,which resulted in a decline in the content of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),MDA and the generating rate of superoxide anion(O2？),by 14.4%,18.3%,14.38% respectively.
%K 水稻
%K 干旱胁迫
%K NO
%K 光合作用
%K 叶绿素荧光&lt
%K /br&gt
%K rice
%K drought stress
%K NO
%K photosynthesis
%K chlorophyll fluorescence
%U http://nauxb.njau.edu.cn/oa/darticle.aspx?type=view&id=201702002