%0 Journal Article %T 生物有机肥对烟草青枯病的田间防效及根际土壤微生物的影响 %A 蒋岁寒 %A 刘艳霞 %A 孟琳 %A 朱春波 %A 李想 %A 沈标 %A 石俊雄 %A 杨兴明 %J 南京农业大学学报 %D 2016 %R 10.7685/jnau.201601053 %X [目的] 本试验旨在研究生物有机肥对烟草青枯病的田间防效及其对烟草根际病原菌数量和土壤微生物功能多样性的影响。[方法] 试验采用由拮抗菌经二次发酵制成的生物有机肥对2个青枯病发病严重的田块进行田间烟草青枯病害防控试验，2个田块的处理相同，分别为常规施用无机肥处理（CK）和无机肥配施生物有机肥处理（BOF），2个田块分别标记为CK1、BOF1和CK2、BOF2。通过测定不同处理的青枯病发病率和烟叶产量，探究生物有机肥的田间防效。利用荧光定量PCR研究根际土壤病原菌数量变化，并用Biolog-ECO板研究不同时期根际土壤微生物功能多样性。[结果] BOF1和BOF2处理对烟草青枯病的防控率分别达到68.1%和70.5%，烟叶产量分别提高8.9%和10.8%，产值分别提高24.9%和25.9%；施用生物有机肥能显著降低根际土壤青枯菌的数量，在移栽后40、60和80 d BOF处理的青枯菌数量均比CK处理少1个数量级；施用生物有机肥能显著增加烟草根际土壤微生物的功能多样性，改变根际土壤微生物群落结构。[结论] 在大田中施用生物有机肥通过减少根际土壤病原菌数量和增加根际土壤微生物功能多样性，对烟草青枯病具有较好的防控效果。</br>[Objectives] This study aims at the control effeciency of bio-organic fertilizer on tobacco Ralstonia solanacearum wilt in field trial and the effects on the quantities of tobacco R.solanacearum and the microbial functional diversity in rhizosphere soil. [Methods] Bio-organic fertilizers were prepared through secondary fermentation. Two field trials with two treatments labeled CK1,BOF1 and CK2,BOF2 were carried out to evalute the control effeciency of tobacco R.solanacearum wilt. Inorganic fertilizers treatment was CK,and inorganic fertilizers with bio-organic fertilizers treatment was BOF. The quantities of pathogen and the microbial functional diversity in rhizosphere soil were determined by real-time qPCR and Biolog-Eco plate. [Results] The control effeciencies of tobacco R.solanacearum in the field of BOF1 and BOF2 were 68.1% and 70.5%,respectively. The yield of tobacco increasd by 8.9% and 10.8%,respectively. And the production value increased by 24.9% and 25.9%,respectively. Application of bio-organic fertilizer could decrease the quantities of R.solanacearum obviously. Compared to the CK treatment,the quantities of R.solanacearum in the bio-organic fertilizer treatment all decreased by an order of magnitude at 40,60 and 80 d after transplanting. Application of bio-organic fertilizer could notedly increase the soil microbial functional diversity and change the microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil. [Conclusions] Application of bio-fertilizer could control the tobacco R.solanacearum wilt in field trials by decreasing the quantities of pathogen and incresing the microbial functional diversity in rhizosphere soil %K 烟草青枯病 %K 生物有机肥 %K 病原菌数量 %K 土壤微生物多样性< %K /br> %K tobacco Ralstonia solanacearum wilt %K bio-organic fertilizer %K quantities of pathogen %K soil microbial diversity %U http://nauxb.njau.edu.cn/oa/darticle.aspx?type=view&id=201605011