%0 Journal Article
%T 不同叶龄千金子、稗和马唐对氰氟草酯和五氟磺草胺的敏感性
%A 刘庆虎
%A 陈国奇
%A 张玉华
%A 孙仲华
%A 董立尧
%J 南京农业大学学报
%D 2016
%R 10.7685/jnau.201510047
%X [目的] 本文旨在比较氰氟草酯和五氟磺草胺常规推荐剂量下对千金子（Leptochloa chinensis）、稗（Echinochloa crusgalli）及马唐（Digitaria sanguinalis）的毒力差异及最佳适宜用药时期。[方法] 采用整株生物测定法测定这3种杂草及其不同叶龄对这2种除草剂的敏感性。[结果] 3种杂草对氰氟草酯的敏感性依次为千金子、稗、马唐。1~8叶期的千金子均对氰氟草酯高度敏感；在氰氟草酯田间推荐剂量75 g？hm-2（有效成分）下对1~6叶期稗的鲜质量抑制率均在90%以上；氰氟草酯对不同叶龄的马唐鲜质量抑制中剂量（ED50值）均在11.96 g？hm-2以上。3种杂草对五氟磺草胺的敏感性依次为稗、千金子、马唐。稗对五氟磺草胺高度敏感，在1/8田间推荐剂量处理下对1~6叶期稗的鲜质量抑制率均在91%以上；千金子对五氟磺草胺的敏感性较低，并随着叶龄的上升敏感性下降，五氟磺草胺在60 g？hm-2处理下对4个生育期的千金子抑制率分别为85.03%、74.39%、62.50%和64.38%；马唐对五氟磺草胺的敏感性最低，五氟磺草胺在60 g？hm-2处理下4个生育期的马唐鲜质量抑制率分别为90.21%、73.74%、50.72%和54.53%。[结论] 氰氟草酯能有效防控各个叶龄的千金子和稗，并兼治马唐；五氟磺草胺能有效防除各个叶龄的稗及1~4叶期千金子和1~2.5叶期的马唐。</br>[Objectives] This study aimed to compare the control efficacy of cyhalofop-butyl and penoxsulam to the three serious grass weeds(Leptochloa chinensis,Echinochloa crusgalli and Digitaria sanguinalis) in rice fields,and to test the optimal applying time related. [Methods] Whole-plant bioassay was conducted to determine the sensitivity of these 3 grasses to the two herbicides. [Results] L.chinensis was the most sensitive to cyhalofop-butyl,followed by E.crusgalli and D.sanguinalis. L.chinensis at 1 to 8 leaf stages were all highly sensitive to cyhalofop-butyl. E.crusgalli showed lower sensitivity to cyhalofop-butyl,however,the control efficacy(calculated on fresh weight) of cyhalofop-butyl with the recommended dose(75 g？hm-2) were more than 90% to E.crusgalli at 1 to 6 leaf stages. The ED50 values were all over 11.96 g？hm-2 in different growth periods of D.sanguinalis. E.crusgalli was the most sensitive to penoxsulam,followed by L.chinensis and D.sanguinalis. For E.crusgalli at 1 to 6 leaf stages,the control efficacies of penoxsulam with 1/8 of the recommended doses were all more than 91%. The control efficacies of penoxsulam with 60 g？hm-2 to L.chinensis at four stages between 1-8 leaf stages were 85.03%,74.39%,62.50% and 64.38%,and to D.sanguinalis under four stages between 1 to 6 leaf stages were 90.21%,73.74%,50.72% and 54.53%. [Conclusions] Cyhalofop-butyl could effectively control these 3 grass weeds,while penoxsulam can effectively control E.crusgalli at 1 to 8 leaf stages,L.chinensis before 4 leaf stage and D.sanguinalis before 2.5 leaf stage
%K 千金子
%K 稗
%K 马唐
%K 氰氟草酯
%K 五氟磺草胺&lt
%K /br&gt
%K Leptochloa chinensis
%K Echinochloa crusgalli
%K Digitaria sanguinalis
%K cyhalofop-butyl
%K penoxsulam
%U http://nauxb.njau.edu.cn/oa/darticle.aspx?type=view&id=201605009