%0 Journal Article %T 农林生物质预处理过程中细胞壁 主要组分溶解机理研究进展 %A 许凤 %A 张逊 %A 周霞 %A 吉？？ %A 马建锋 %A 马静 %J 林业工程学报 %D 2016 %R 10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.2016.04.001 %X 农林生物质可再生资源的高值转化利用已成为许多国家的重要发展战略和科学研究的热点。目前农林生物质利用技术已经取得了一定的进步,但总体上其转化成本仍然较高,实现木质纤维大规模生产燃料、生物基化学品和材料仍然困难。木质纤维细胞壁的复杂结构及组分分布不均一性是农林生物质难以高值利用的根本原因,其中细胞壁主要化学组分的微观分布及其在生物质转化过程中的降解机理阐释是木质纤维高效利用研究领域亟须解决的瓶颈问题。笔者系统阐明了农林生物质细胞壁超微结构及其主要组分在细胞壁各形态区的区域化学分布特点,并综述了两者在预处理过程中的变化及预处理破除细胞壁顽抗性的机理,为农林生物质进一步高值转化为燃料、化学品等大规模工业化生产提供重要的理论依据。</br>High-value utilization of agricultural and forest biomass has become an important strategy in many countries. Although the technologies for the biomass utilization have achieved a significant progress, the overall cost of biomass conversion is still high. The major barrier to large-scale conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels, bio-based chemicals and materials originates from the recalcitrance of plant cell walls. Plant cell walls are typically composed of complex macromolecular compounds consisting of an ordered array of cellulose microfibrils embedded in a matrix of noncellulosic polysaccharides and lignin. Generally, the plant cell wall can be divided into three major layers:middle lamella, primary cell wall, and secondary cell wall. The investigation of plant cell walls is complicated due to the heterogeneous and complex hierarchical structure, as well as the variable chemical composition between different sublayers. The structural complexity and variable chemical composition between different sub-layers form the lignocelluloses recalcitrance together. Given that one of the critical processing steps in biomass conversion involves systematic deconstruction of cell walls, a comprehensive investigation of the architecture of the plant cell wall will not only help us to understand the assembly and biosynthesis of the plant cell wall, but also contribute to improving the efficiency of biomass dissolution. During the biomass conversion, pretreatment is an essential step for altering the morphological and compositional characteristics of biomass to enhance the sugar release in the enzymatic hydrolysis. In this paper, the ultrastructure and topochemistry of plant cell walls which contribute most to the recalcitrance were observed. Mechanisms of acid, alkali and hot water pretreatments to break this obstacle were compared, providing new ideas and new theory for industrial-scale production of biofuels and biomaterials %K 农林生物质 %K 细胞壁 %K 顽抗性 %K 超微结构 %K 区域化学< %K /br> %K agricultural and forest biomass %K cell wall %K recalcitrance %K ultrastructure %K topochemistry %U http://lkkf.njfu.edu.cn//oa/darticle.aspx?type=view&id=201604001