%0 Journal Article
%T 从“四夷”到“外国”：正史周边叙事的模式演变
%A 钱云
%J 复旦学报(社会科学版)
%D 2017
%X 本文考察了汉至元时代正史中有关周边、域外的叙事结构，认为汉唐时期逐渐形成了官修正史中周边叙事的范式（“四夷模式”）：在全书列传部分呈现“先诸传次夷狄”的格局下，以“四夷传”、“夷狄传”为列传类目名，按照东夷—西戎—南蛮—北狄的顺次进行叙述。这种叙事结构，实际上是思维世界中“世界秩序”在史书中的投射。需要注意的是，在“外国传”成为正史中的列传名之前，汉唐时期的僧人常常将其用作有关南亚的中外交通史籍名称，其依据可能是当时流行于南亚的“三/四天子”说等，体现出与官方意志不同的思想源流。到元代史官修宋、辽、金三史时，将前代正史中“四夷传”、“夷狄传”等有关域外记载的列传名称改以“外国传”，并从内容与结构上有意识地区分出不同性质的周边，由此在正史中开始表现出另一种对世界的观察，也深刻地影响了正史周边叙事的体例。</br>Abstract：Examining the structure of narrative on China's neighbouring nations in the official history books from the Han Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, the author discovers a norm of narrative in these books – the Siyi Norm (Siyi, literally, four barbarian nations). Their biographies exhibit a structure of “various biographies first and those on barbarians second,” which creates a subcategory of “Biographies of Four Barbarian Nations” or “Biographies of the Barbarian Nations.” The narrative proceeds in an order of Dongyi-Xirong-Nanman-Beidi, which means the Eastern Barbarians-Western Barbarians-Southern Barbarians-Northern Barbarians. In fact, such a norm is a projection of the “world order” in the Chinese mindset in that historical period. Several centuries later, the official historians in the Yuan Dynasty wrote the histories of the Song, Liao, and Jin Dynasties. They replaced the titles used by the historians of the former dynasties: changed “Biographies of Four Barbarian Nations” into “Biography of Foreign Nations.” In addition, they intentionally distinguished different bordering nations both in content and in structure. Hence a new perspective on the world was present in the official history books, which substantially changed the norm of narrative on the other nations around China.
%K “外国传”
%K “四夷传”
%K 正史
%K 周边叙事&lt
%K /br&gt
%K Biography of Foreign Nations
%K Biographies of Four Barbarian Nations
%K official history books
%K narrative on nations around China
%U http://www.fdwkxb.fudan.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract1652.shtml