%0 Journal Article %T 从启蒙的教化看黑格尔的康德批判——以耶拿时期的《信仰与知识》为中心 %A 罗久 %J 复旦学报(社会科学版) %D 2017 %X 理解黑格尔对康德的批判是我们通达黑格尔哲学的一条重要门径。但是,黑格尔的康德批判之目标并不仅仅在于要对康德的主观观念论以及由此产生的各种二元对立进行检讨,也不单单是要指出康德在知识论上的唯我论和道德哲学上的形式主义问题。更为重要之处在于,黑格尔敏锐地洞察到,正是以康德观念论为代表的主体性的反思哲学为启蒙的教化和现代意识形态提供了理性的根据。在耶拿时期的批判性论著《信仰与知识》中,黑格尔从分析启蒙的时代教化的基本特征入手,对作为启蒙教化之基础的康德哲学进行了整体性的考察。黑格尔指出,康德哲学通过理性的主观化来回应怀疑主义对理性的攻击,捍卫理性的实在性和普遍必然性,进而通过对理性自身的结构的分析来证明世界具有合乎理性的统一性。然而在康德那里,理性的统一性却是以各种对立的设置作为前提的,而启蒙的合理化进程则变成了形式合理性对实质合理性的取代。所以,在《信仰与知识》中黑格尔揭示出,康德哲学巩固了主体与客体、自由与自然、本体与现象之间的二元对立,而且试图以一种新的合理化模式将分裂的世界重新统一在主观理性当中,由此促成了现代虚无主义的诞生。只有理解了黑格尔关于启蒙教化内在悖论的洞见,我们才能真正把握黑格尔对康德批判的实质。</br>Abstract:Hegel’s critique of Kant is an important path to the understanding of Hegel’s own philosophy. But the intention of this critique is not just to criticize Kant’s subjective idealism and dualism or to point out the solipsism and formalism problem in Kant’s epistemology and moral philosophy. What really matters in Hegel’s critique is the fact that Kantian philosophy provides a justification of the Enlightenment culture and modern ideology. In his Jena critical work Faith and Knowledge, Hegel made a holistic investigation to Kant’s Idealism in the context of Enlightenment culture. On one hand, the spirit of Kantian philosophy is to make a subjectification of reason in defense of the reality and necessity of reason, and to testify a hidden monistic worldview that the world itself is a reasonable unity. However, Kant’s unity of reason is based on some irreconcilable dichotomies, and the substantial rationality has finally been replaced by the formal rationality. So on the other hand, the letter of Kantian philosophy confirmed the dichotomies between subject and object, freedom and nature, noumenon and phenomenon; it tries to unite the split world in the subjective reason, while this unity of subjectivity brings about the modern nihilism. The significance of Hegel’s critique of Kant cannot be grasped until we understand Hegel’s deep insights into the inner paradox of the Enlightenment culture. %K 黑格尔 %K 康德批判 %K 启蒙教化 %K 虚无主义 %K 主体性反思哲学。< %K /br> %K Hegel %K critique of Kant %K enlightenment culture %K nihilism %K reflective philosophy of subjectivity %U http://www.fdwkxb.fudan.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract2227.shtml