%0 Journal Article
%T 权威作为自由的前提？——从规范角度思考政治权威
%A 段德敏
%J 复旦学报(社会科学版)
%D 2017
%X 政治权威是人类社会最常见的现象之一,对它的经验研究相对较为充分,但从规范角度理解权威少之又少,这主要是因为权威在现代社会具有“污名”。人们普遍认为权威与自由是相反对的,自由即是权威的反面,对自由的追求必然要求质疑甚至摧毁权威。然而,这一印象是经不起仔细辨析的,在理论上我们尤其应该重新思考自由与权威之间的关系。实际上权威在现代社会被否定的过程也是民粹主义、极权主义的可能性增长的过程。从规范角度来看,权威的必要性并非来自于人的智力或道德上的缺陷,恰恰相反,它体现着人对共同善有不断追求的能力。就任何共同体都需依赖的共同善的实现和共同行动而言,权威都起到展现和记录的两种功能:它展现了共同善在某时某刻的具体形式,使人们总是朝着一个共同的目标;另一方面,它又记录着这一具体形式的偶然、任意的性质,或者共同善内容的无穷多可能性。正是因为多种地方性权威的存在,权力的绝对化才有可能被有限遏止。我们可以说,权威体现着人的自由,而非自由的反面;自由的反面是专制,而不是权威。现代社会不是权威太多,而是权威太少。权威和专制不同,前者以人们的自由和同意为前提,后者则源自暴力和压迫。</br>Abstract：Political authority is one of the most commonly seen phenomena in human experience. There has been abundant empirical researches into political authority. But understanding of authority from a normative perspective is rarely seen. This is largely because authority has a “bad name” in modern society. People usually consider authority as the opposite of liberty. However, this is a wrong impression, which need to be put under an analytic light. Actually, authority is not only compatible with liberty in human society, it's the precondition of it. Authority reflects and records our never-ending pursuit of common good and diversified possibilities of common action. Its existence indicates the fact that any common action that we take in a given community would necessarily be induced from a particular understanding of the common good. The opposite of liberty is not authority, but despotism or totalitarianism. Overall, we could say that the authority originates from people's freedom and consent, while various forms of despotism or totalitarianism come together with coercion and oppression.
%K 权威
%K 自由
%K 共同行动
%K 共同善
%K 规范性&lt
%K /br&gt
%K authority
%K liberty
%K common action
%K common good
%K normativity
%U http://www.fdwkxb.fudan.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract2202.shtml