Background: Due to the relatively high renal toxicity of vancomycin injection (VCM), setting an initial dose that achieves a trough that ranges between 10 and 20 ¦Ìg/mL on day 3 is important to ensure safety and minimize side-effects, especially for patients with low renal function. To address these issues, the revised 2016 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) Guidelines for Antimicrobial Agents (GL2016) proposed the use of a renal function-based, estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) nomogram for setting the dose of VCM in Japan. Methods: Our hospital introduced the use of the GL2016 in September 2016 for the patients administered VCM. After setting the initial VCM dose using 1) a conventional VCM analysis software and 2) the GL2016 eGFR nomogram, the measured trough values on day 3 were compared and evaluated in this study. Results: With the VCM analysis software, the mean measured trough value in the a-total group (n = 53) was 12.8 ¡À 4.7 ¦Ìg/mL. With the eGFR nomogram, the mean measured trough value in the b-total group (n = 13) was 9.6 ¡À 4.6 ¦Ìg/mL. However, when the different severities of renal function were compared, the mean measured trough value was more significantly lower in the b-1 group than in the a-1 group among subjects with G2 and above (eGFR ¡Ý 60 mL/min/1.73 m²), but it was similar between the a-2 group and the b-2 group among subjects with G3 and below (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²). The proportion of subjects reaching the various trough ranges shows similar tendency. Conclusions: These data suggested that the measured trough value on day 3 was generally lower when the initial dose was %K Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) %K Vancomycin (VCM) %K Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) %K Guideline 2016 (GL2016) %K Computer Software %U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=88488