%0 Journal Article
%T Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Animal Manure, Manure-Amended and Nonanthropogenically Impacted Soils in Spain
%A Fernando Esper¨®n
%A Carlos Sacrist¨¢n
%A Matilde Carballo
%A Ana de la Torre
%J Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology
%P 469-480
%@ 2156-8502
%D 2018
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/abb.2018.99032
%X Environmental dissemination of antimicrobial
resistance genes may occur through agricultural residues, such as animal
manure. We studied the resistome of 16 pool samples of animal manure (pig
slurry [n = 8] and poultry manure [n = 8]), and 16 soil samples (manure-amended
[n = 8] and nonmanure-amended [n = 8]). All samples were collected in central
Spain. Detection was based on 18 selected antimicrobial resistance genes
(ARGs). The most commonly detected genes in animal manure were <i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">sul</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">1</span><i> </i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">(16/16), </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">sul</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">2 (16/16), </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">tet</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">(</span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">A</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">)
(16/16), </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">aadA</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> (16/16), </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">tet</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">(</span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">B</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">)
(15/16), and </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">str</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> (15/16). Genes </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">bla</span></i><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">TEM</span></sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> (7/8), </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">mecA</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> (6/8), </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">vanA</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> (5/8) and </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">qnrB</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> (4/8)
were more frequently detected in chicken manure, whereas pig slurry samples
presented higher levels of </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">tet</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">(</span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">C</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">) (8/8) and </span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">tet</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">(</span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">M</span></i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">) (8/8). Out of the
four genes selected for their clinical relevance, three¡ª</span><i><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">bla</span></i><sub><span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">CTX-M</span></sub><span
%K Antibiotic Resistance
%K &lt
%K i&gt
%K bla&lt
%K /i&gt
%K &lt
%K sub&gt
%K CTX-M&lt
%K /sub&gt
%K &lt
%K i&gt
%K mecA&lt
%K /i&gt
%K Pig Slurry
%K &lt
%K i&gt
%K vanA&lt
%K /i&gt
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=87438