%0 Journal Article
%T Preparation and Catalytic Properties of Various Oxides and Mesoporous Materials Containing Niobium and Sulfate Ions, in the Etherification Reaction of 2-Naphtol
%A Alaa H. Hussein
%A Hiba Nahas
%A Mohamad Jahjah
%A Mourtada Srour
%A Rabih Jahjah
%A Nicolas Duget
%A Marc Lemaire
%A Daoud Naoufal
%J International Journal of Organic Chemistry
%P 16-40
%@ 2161-4695
%D 2018
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/ijoc.2018.81002
%X Several types of solid acid catalysts were prepared based on oxides like (ZrO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, HfO<sub>2</sub>, MCM-41 and SBA-15), using two main preparation methods: the precipitation and the sol-gel methods. Each catalyst was subjected to two types of impregnations: sulfate ions using sulfuric acid as precursor and niobium using niobium oxalate as precursor. These prepared catalysts were tested in the etherification reaction of 2-naphtol, where the catalysts showed both acidic and redox properties. The acidic character was manifested through the formation of 2-butoxynaphtalene (with moderate yields) when oxide is sulfated, and the redox character (when impregnated with niobium) manifested through the formation of the interesting product 2-ethylnaphtofuran (with low yields) and other products that were a result of oxidative coupling of two 2-naphtol molecules (binol and acetal of binol). However despite the effort, several attempts to increase the yield of 2-ethylnaphtofuran did not work. All products prepared were obtained in pure form and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, GC and MS.
%K Sulfated Oxides
%K Mesoporous Materials
%K Niobium
%K Solid Acid Catalysis
%K Etherification
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=81975