%0 Journal Article
%T Production of Bio-Phenols for Industrial Application: Scale-Up of the Base-Catalyzed Depolymerization of Lignin
%A Bj£¿rn R£¿£¿iger
%A Robert R£¿ver
%A Gerd Unkelbach
%A Daniela Pufky-Heinrich
%J Green and Sustainable Chemistry
%P 193-202
%@ 2160-696X
%D 2017
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/gsc.2017.73015
%X Objective of this study was the investigation on the up-scaling of base-catalyzed depolymerization (BCD) of lignin to pilot plant dimension. The cleavage process was carried out in dilute alkaline solution at temperatures up to 340°C and a pressure of 25 MPa in a continuously operated tubular flow reactor with throughputs up to 20 kg/h. Investigations included the proof of the feasibility of the scale-up as well as a parameter study on the cleavage of hardwood Organosolv lignin and softwood Kraft lignin within the established pilot plant. Yields and molecular compositions of the isolated product fractions BCD-oil (liquid phenolic fraction) and BCD-oligomers (solid phenolic fraction) are similar to those described in technical lab scale, showing a good scalability. Here, BCD-oils rich in phenolic monomers such as guaiacol, catechol and/or syringol were obtained with a content of up to 13.3 wt% and 14.5 wt% from Organosolv lignin and Kraft lignin, respectively. Formation of BCD-oligomers strongly depends on temperature and residence times within the reactor.
%K Lignin
%K Base-Catalyzed Depolymerization
%K Phenolic Monomers
%K Phenolic Oligomers
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=78185