%0 Journal Article
%T A Diet with 3% of Energy from a Mixture of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Significantly Increases <i>in Vivo</i> Lipid Peroxidation in Postmenopausal Women
%A A. Saari Csallany
%A Cheryl E. Ainslie-Waldman
%A Lindsay R. Young
%A Chi Chen
%A Mindy S. Kurzer
%A Susan K. Raatz
%J Food and Nutrition Sciences
%P 1099-1111
%@ 2157-9458
%D 2016
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/fns.2016.712105
%X Dietary omega-3 (n - 3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are recommended by
public health organizations to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and several
epidemiological studies have suggested there is an inverse association between n - 3
intake and human cancers. However, n - 3 are susceptible to an increase in lipid peroxidation
in the human body. As part of a crossover dietary intervention study of a
diet (20% of energy from fat) with or without an additional 3% of energy from a
mixture of n - 3 (with 5.36 g <i>¦Á</i>-linolenic acid and 1.45 g eicosapentaenoic acid and
docosahexaenoic acid per 2000 kcal per day), we measured total in vivo lipid peroxidation
in healthy postmenopausal women (n = 15). Our results indicated that the diet
with 3% of energy from n - 3 significantly increased the urinary concentrations of
total polar lipophilic aldehydes and related compounds produced via lipid peroxidation
(<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) as well as the <i>¦Á</i>, <i>¦Â</i>-unsaturated hydroxy aldehydes 4-hydroxy-2-trans -
hexenal (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and 4-hydroxy-2-<i>trans</i> -decenal (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to the diet
with less than 1% of energy from n - 3. This is also the first study to document the
presence of 4-hydroxy-2-<i>trans</i> -decenal in the urine of individuals consuming n - 3.
These results demonstrate that an increase in 3% of energy from dietary n ¨C 3 increases <i>in vivo</i> lipid peroxidation.
%K Lipid Peroxidation
%K n ¨C 3 Fatty Acids
%K Human
%K HHE
%K 4-Hydroxyhexenal
%K HDE
%K 4-Hydroxydecenal
%K &lt
%K i&gt
%K ¦Á&lt
%K /i&gt
%K &lt
%K i&gt
%K ¦Â&lt
%K /i&gt
%K -4-Hydroxyaldehydes
%K HPLC
%K MS
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=71373