%0 Journal Article
%T Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Prepared by Ionotropic External Gelation Technique
%A Nagarajan Sriram
%A Prakash Katakam
%J Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences
%P 22-34
%@ 2161-4873
%D 2016
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/jeas.2016.61003
%X Microspheres containing Pioglitazone hydrochloride were prepared by the
ionotropic external gelation method, using sodium alginate with four
mucoadhesive polymers namely sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl
cellulose, carbopol 934 P and cellulose acetate phthalate as coat materials.
Ionotropic gelation is a method to prepare microspheres using combination of Ca<sup>2+</sup> as cationic components and alginate as anion. The practical yield of prepared microspheres
using the ionotropic gelation technique was between 172 mg and 604 mg. The
result of the Chi-squared test carried out between the actual (practical) and
expected (theoretical) yields showed no significant difference (P &lt; 0.05)
which indicated that the ionotropic gelation technique could be successfully
employed to prepare pioglitazone microspheres using sodium alginate, sodium carboxy
methyl cellulose, carbopol 934 P, HPMC, cellulose acetate butyrate polymers.
The drug entrapment efficiency of prepared microspheres showed between 56.12% ¡À
3.86% to 84.68% ¡À 2.93% which was significantly higher for ionotropic gelation
technique. The highest drug entrapment was found in formulation PMI 8. Swelling
index is the capability of a polymer to swell before the drug is released which
influences the rate and mechanism of drug release from the polymer matrix. The
swelling index of prepared microspheres was in the range of 68% ¡À 4.52% to 87% ¡À
0.98%. Pioglitazone HCl microspheres showed controlled release of drug without
initial peak level achieving. This type of properties in Pioglitazone HCl
microspheres used to decrease side effects, reduce dosing frequency and improve
patient compliances. From the all batches PMI 8 is considered the best
formulation, because among all other formulations, it shows better extent of
drug release up to 82.12% (18 h), good entrapment efficiency (84.68%) and the <i>ex-vivo</i> wash-off test shows the best mucoadhesive
property. The <i>in vitro</i> drug release
studies do up to 18 h. As observed from
the various plots, most of the formulations followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model.
%K Diabetes Mellitus
%K Mucoadhesive Microspheres
%K Mucoadhesive Polymers
%K Mucoadhesion
%K Sustained Release
%K Ionotropic External Gelation Technique
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=64518