%0 Journal Article
%T Androgen Metabolism Gene Polymorphisms, Associations with Prostate Cancer Risk and Pathological Characteristics: A Comparative Analysis between South African and Senegalese Men
%A Pedro Fernandez
%A Charnita M. Zeigler-Johnson
%A Elaine Spangler
%A Andr¨¦ van der Merwe
%A Mohamed Jalloh
%A Serigne M. Gueye
%A Timothy R. Rebbeck
%J Prostate Cancer
%D 2012
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2012/798634
%X Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in developed countries and the leading cause of mortality in males in less developed countries. African ethnicity is one of the major risk factors for developing prostate cancer. Pathways involved in androgen metabolism have been implicated in the etiology of the disease. Analyses of clinical data and CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and SRD5A2 genotypes were performed in South African White (120 cases; 134 controls), Mixed Ancestry (207 cases; 167 controls), and Black (25 cases; 20 controls) men, as well as in Senegalese men (86 cases; 300 controls). Senegalese men were diagnosed earlier with prostate cancer and had higher median PSA levels compared to South African men. Metastasis occurred more frequently in Senegalese men. Gene polymorphism frequencies differed significantly between South African and Senegalese men. The CYP3A4 rs2740574 polymorphism was associated with prostate cancer risk and tumor aggressiveness in South African men, after correction for population stratification, and the SRD5A2 rs523349 CG genotype was inversely associated with high-stage disease in Senegalese men. These data suggest that variants previously associated with prostate cancer in other populations may also affect prostate cancer risk in African men. 1. Introduction Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men from industrialized developed countries, and worldwide, the second most common of all malignancies in men [1¨C3]. The highest rates of prostate cancer are observed in African-American men in the United States of America (USA) and Caribbean men of African descent [1, 4], while the highest disease-associated mortality rates are observed in less developed countries that include regions of the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South America [3]. These data lend support to the suggestion that the African ethnicity is one of the major risk factors for prostate cancer [5, 6]. Although comprehensive cancer registries are limited in Africa, available data indicate that prostate cancer accounts for approximately 10.6% and 4.8% of all cancers in males in Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa, respectively [7]. In Southern Africa (South Africa) and Western Africa (Nigeria and Cameroon), prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males; however, the incidence of prostate cancer in Southern Africa is double that observed in Western Africa [8]. The reported age-standardized rate of histologically diagnosed prostate cancer in South Africa is 74.4 per 100000 males in the White population (European ancestry), 48 per 100000 males in
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/pc/2012/798634/