%0 Journal Article
%T Proximityassociationinpolygynouswesternblackcrestedgibbons(Nomascusconcolorjingdongensis):networkstructureandseasonality
%A Zhen-Hua GUAN
%A Bei HUANG
%A Wen-He NING
%A Qing-Yong NI
%A Xue-Long JIANG
%J 动物学研究
%D 2013
%R 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2013.E01E01
%X Weinvestigatedthestructureandseasonalityoftheproximitynetworkinagroupofpolygynouswesternblackcrestedgibbons(Nomascusconcolor)usingsocialnetworkanalysis.Thespatialproximitychangedseasonallyandwasaffectedbytemperatureandrainfall.Preferredproximityassociationwasnotdistributedrandomlyamongindividuals.Kinshipwasoneexplanationforthesocialstructure,asoffspringpreferredtomaintaincloseproximitywiththeirmothers.Theproximityofinfantstomothersdecreasedwithage,andindependentoffspringhadlowerproximitytomothersthandependentones.Wefoundthattheadultmalehaddifferentproximityrelationshipswithtwodifferentadultfemales.Thefrequencyofproximitybetweenthemaleandtheinfant-carryingfemalewassignificantlyhigherthanthatbetweenthemaleandthefemalewhohadimmigratedcarryingoneoffspringofuncertainpaternityintothegroup.Infanticideavoidanceand/orpredationprotectionfordependentinfantsmightexplaintheproximityrelationshipdifferences.Temperatureinfluencedgroupproximityassociation,withindividualproximityincreasinginthecoldmonthsanddecreasinginthehotmonths.Groupproximitydecreasedinmonthswithhigheranthropogenicdisturbance.
%K Proximity
%K Nomascusconcolor
%K Polygynous
%K Socialnetwork
%U http://www.zoores.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract3298.shtml