%0 Journal Article
%T Epitope analysis for influenza vaccine design
%A Enrique T. Munoz
%A Michael W. Deem
%J Quantitative Biology
%D 2004
%I arXiv
%X Until now, design of the annual influenza vaccine has relied on phylogenetic or whole-sequence comparisons of the viral coat proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, with vaccine effectiveness assumed to correlate monotonically to the vaccine-influenza sequence difference. We use a theory from statistical mechanics to quantify the non-monotonic immune response that results from antigenic drift in the epitopes of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. The results explain the ineffectiveness of the 2003--2004 influenza vaccine in the United States and provide an accurate measure by which to optimize the effectiveness of future annual influenza vaccines.
%U http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio/0408016v1