%0 Journal Article %T A direct formulation of Dieudonn¨¦ module theory %A Kezheng Li %J Mathematics %D 2012 %I arXiv %X We define a Dieudonn\'e module as the module of Dieudonn\'e elements, and set up Dieudonn\'e module theory in a simple way. Under this formulation we give explicit formulae for the duality and the corresponding differential operators. %U http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.2604v1