%0 Journal Article
%T Four-state nanomagnetic logic using multiferroics
%A Noel D'Souza
%A Jayasimha Atulasimha
%A Supriyo Bandyopadhyay
%J Physics
%D 2011
%I arXiv
%R 10.1088/0022-3727/44/26/265001
%X The authors show how to implement a 4-state universal logic gate (NOR) using three strain-coupled magnetostrictive-piezoelectric multiferroic nanomagnets (e.g. Ni/PZT) with biaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Two of the nanomagnets encode the 2-state input bits in their magnetization orientations and the third nanomagnet produces the output bit via dipole interaction with the input nanomagnets. A voltage pulse alternating between -0.2 V and +0.2 V is applied to the PZT layer of the third nanomagnet and generates alternating tensile and compressive stress in its Ni layer to produce the output bit, while dissipating ~ 57,000 kT (0.24 fJ) of energy per gate operation.
%U http://arxiv.org/abs/1101.0980v1