%0 Journal Article
%T The Hot and Energetic Universe: A White Paper presenting the science theme motivating the Athena+ mission
%A Kirpal Nandra
%A Didier Barret
%A Xavier Barcons
%A Andy Fabian
%A Jan-Willem den Herder
%A Luigi Piro
%A Mike Watson
%A Christophe Adami
%A James Aird
%A Jose Manuel Afonso
%A Dave Alexander
%A Costanza Argiroffi
%A Lorenzo Amati
%A Monique Arnaud
%A Jean-Luc Atteia
%A Marc Audard
%A Carles Badenes
%A Jean Ballet
%A Lucia Ballo
%A Aya Bamba
%A Anil Bhardwaj
%A Elia Stefano Battistelli
%A Werner Becker
%A Micha£¿l De Becker
%A Ehud Behar
%A Stefano Bianchi
%A Veronica Biffi
%A Laura B£¿rzan
%A Fabrizio Bocchino
%A Slavko Bogdanov
%A Laurence Boirin
%A Thomas Boller
%A Stefano Borgani
%A Katharina Borm
%A Nicolas Bouch¨¦
%A Herv¨¦ Bourdin
%A Richard Bower
%A Valentina Braito
%A Enzo Branchini
%A Graziella Branduardi-Raymont
%A Joel Bregman
%A Laura Brenneman
%A Murray Brightman
%A Marcus Br¨¹ggen
%A Johannes Buchner
%A Esra Bulbul
%A Marcella Brusa
%A Michal Bursa
%A Alessandro Caccianiga
%A Ed Cackett
%A Sergio Campana
%A Nico Cappelluti
%A Massimo Cappi
%A Francisco Carrera
%A Maite Ceballos
%A Finn Christensen
%A You-Hua Chu
%A Eugene Churazov
%A Nicolas Clerc
%A Stephane Corbel
%A Amalia Corral
%A Andrea Comastri
%A Elisa Costantini
%A Judith Croston
%A Mauro Dadina
%A Antonino D'Ai
%A Anne Decourchelle
%A Roberto Della Ceca
%A Konrad Dennerl
%A Klaus Dolag
%A Chris Done
%A Michal Dovciak
%A Jeremy Drake
%A Dominique Eckert
%A Alastair Edge
%A Stefano Ettori
%A Yuichiro Ezoe
%A Eric Feigelson
%A Rob Fender
%A Chiara Feruglio
%A Alexis Finoguenov
%A Fabrizio Fiore
%A Massimiliano Galeazzi
%A Sarah Gallagher
%A Poshak Gandhi
%A Massimo Gaspari
%A Fabio Gastaldello
%A Antonis Georgakakis
%A Ioannis Georgantopoulos
%A Marat Gilfanov
%A Myriam Gitti
%A Randy Gladstone
%A Rene Goosmann
%A Eric Gosset
%A Nicolas Grosso
%A Manuel Guedel
%A Martin Guerrero
%J Physics
%D 2013
%I arXiv
%X This White Paper, submitted to the recent ESA call for science themes to define its future large missions, advocates the need for a transformational leap in our understanding of two key questions in astrophysics: 1) How does ordinary matter assemble into the large scale structures that we see today? 2) How do black holes grow and shape the Universe? Hot gas in clusters, groups and the intergalactic medium dominates the baryonic content of the local Universe. To understand the astrophysical processes responsible for the formation and assembly of these large structures, it is necessary to measure their physical properties and evolution. This requires spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy with a factor 10 increase in both telescope throughput and spatial resolving power compared to currently planned facilities. Feedback from supermassive black holes is an essential ingredient in this process and in most galaxy evolution models, but it is not well understood. X-ray observations can uniquely reveal the mechanisms launching winds close to black holes and determine the coupling of the energy and matter flows on larger scales. Due to the effects of feedback, a complete understanding of galaxy evolution requires knowledge of the obscured growth of supermassive black holes through cosmic time, out to the redshifts where the first galaxies form. X-ray emission is the most reliable way to reveal accreting black holes, but deep survey speed must improve by a factor ~100 over current facilities to perform a full census into the early Universe. The Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (Athena+) mission provides the necessary performance (e.g. angular resolution, spectral resolution, survey grasp) to address these questions and revolutionize our understanding of the Hot and Energetic Universe. These capabilities will also provide a powerful observatory to be used in all areas of astrophysics.
%U http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.2307v1