%0 Journal Article
%T Theory of Charge and Heat Polarizations with the Keldysh Formalism
%A Atsuo Shitade
%J Physics
%D 2013
%I arXiv
%R 10.7566/JPSJ.83.033708
%X We investigate the heat polarization, a heat analog of the charge polarization, by using the gauge-covariant Keldysh formalism. In contrast to the charge-heat analogy naively expected, we find that the heat polarization does not appear spontaneously, since it consists not only of the heat-transfer contribution but of the heat-generation contribution, leading to the Mott rule. Nonetheless, it can be induced by a torsional magnetic field in $(3+1)$-D topological insulators and superconductors, which is described by the temporal part of the Nieh-Yan action.
%U http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.3448v3