%0 Journal Article %T The Legacy of Rolf Hagedorn: Statistical Bootstrap and Ultimate Temperature %A Krzysztof Redlich %A Helmut Satz %J Physics %D 2015 %I arXiv %X In the latter half of the last century, it became evident that there exists an ever increasing number of different states of the so-called elementary particles. The usual reductionist approach to this problem was to search for a simpler infrastructure, culminating in the formulation of the quark model and quantum chromodynamics. In a complementary, completely novel approach, Hagedorn suggested that the mass distribution of the produced particles follows a self-similar composition pattern, predicting an unbounded number of states of increasing mass. He then concluded that such a growth would lead to a limiting temperature for strongly interacting matter. We discuss the conceptual basis for this approach, its relation to critical behavior, and its subsequent applications in different areas of high energy physics. %U http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.07523v1