%0 Journal Article %T Clinical Evaluation of New Biomarkers including IFN-<i>¦Ã</i> for the Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis Disease %A Yoshihiro Kobashi %A Keiji Mouri %A Shigeki Kato %A Mikio Oka %J Journal of Tuberculosis Research %P 136-148 %@ 2329-8448 %D 2015 %I Scientific Research Publishing %R 10.4236/jtr.2015.34020 %X Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical potential of new biomarkers such as IL-2, TNF-¦Á, MCP-1, MIP-1¦Â including IFN-¦Ã for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Materials and Methods: The subjects consisted of 31 patients with active TB disease and 62 patients with non-TB disease. We measured IFN-¦Ã using QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube, and IL-2, TNF-¦Á, MCP-1, and MIP-1¦Â using the supernatant from whole blood stimulated with MTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)-specific antigens. Results: In the patient group with active TB disease, while the positive response rate of IFN-¦Ã was 74%, that of IL-2 using the supernatant was 61%, TNF-¦Á was 71%, MCP-1 was 81% and MIP-1¦Â was 81%. In the patient group with non-TB disease, while the positive response rate of IFN-¦Ã was 11%, that of IL-2using the supernatant was 32%, TNF-¦Á was 26%, MCP-1 was 23% and MIP-1¦Â was 19%. All biomarker levels of the patients with active TB disease using the supernatant were significantly higher than those of the patients with non-TB disease. While MIP-1¦Â was the most sensitive of all the biomarkers (sensitivity: 80.6%), IFN-¦Ã was the best in terms of specificity (specificity: 87.0%). Conclusions: Several biomarkers, apart from IL-2, showed similar results compared to IFN-¦Ã. The combination of IFN-¦Ã and other new biomarkers may increase the diagnostic accuracy of active TB. %K < %K i> %K Mycobacterium tuberculosis < %K /i> %K (MTB) Disease %K Interferon-¦Ã (IFN-¦Ã) %K New Biomarkers %K Interleukin-2 (IL-2) %U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=61682