%0 Journal Article
%T Macrocyclic Assembly: A Dive into the Pecking Order and Applied Aspects of Multitalented Metallomacrocycles
%A Ashu Chaudhary
%A Ekta Rawat
%J International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
%D 2014
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2014/509151
%X To aid in knowledge of macrocyclic complexes and biomedical scientists, we are presenting here a review article with compilation of work done so far along in relation to macrocyclic ligands and their metal complexes. The metal ion chemistry of macrocyclic ligands has now become a major subdivision of coordination chemistry. This overview focuses on developments in design, synthesis, and self-assembly of metal-based architectures and ligands related to macrocyclic chemistry. 1. Introduction and Scope Macrocycles occupy a unique segment of chemical space. In the past decade, their chemical diversity expanded significantly, supported by advances in bioinformatics and synthetic methodology. As a consequence, this structural type has now been successfully tested on most biological target classes. The goal of this paper is to put into perspective the current applications and opportunities associated with macrocycles [1]. Macrocycles are defined herein as molecules containing at least one large ring composed of nine or more atoms. Macrocycles have several features that make them interesting in efforts to tackle ¡°difficult¡± targets with extended binding sites [2]. Because of their size and complexity, they can engage targets through numerous and spatially distributed binding interactions, thereby increasing both binding affinity and selectivity. Furthermore, cyclization provides a degree of structural preorganization that may reduce the entropy cost of receptor binding compared to linear analogues [3, 4]. A significant number of macrocyclic drugs are currently on the market, predominantly of natural product origin with complex structures [5]. This paper is dedicated to explore the field of macrocycles and to highlight salient features of their versatile chemistry. Cyclization of a linear molecule into a macrocyclic ring constitutes a significant change in molecular shape. This transformation restricts the degrees of conformational freedom of the molecule and imposes structural organization which was absent in the linear precursor [6]. Since the birth of macrocycles as early as 1936 [7], the field only began to blossom in early 1960s with the pioneering work of Thompson and Busch [8]. In such a large subject, this paper can focus only on certain aspects of macrocyclic chemistry. Medicinal chemists have long used macrocyclization as a tool in drug discovery. A classic illustration of this technique was the discovery of potent cyclic peptide somatostatin mimics three decades ago [9, 10]. The method of cyclization since then developed into a general paradigm in
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijic/2014/509151/