%0 Journal Article
%T Adsorption Studies of Lead by Enteromorpha Algae and Its Silicates Bonded Material
%A Hassan H. Hammud
%A Ali El-Shaar
%A Essam Khamis
%A El-Sayed Mansour
%J Advances in Chemistry
%D 2014
%R 10.1155/2014/205459
%X Lead adsorption by green Enteromorpha algae was studied. Adsorption capacity was 83.8£¿mg/g at pH 3.0 with algae (E) and 1433.5£¿mg/g for silicates modified algae (EM). FTIR and thermal analysis of algae materials were studied. Thomas and Yoon-Nelson column model were best for adsorbent (E) and algae after reflux (ER) and Yan model for (EM) with capacity 76.2, 71.1, and 982.5£¿mg/g, respectively. (ER) and (EM) show less swelling and better flow rate control than (E). Nonlinear methods are more appropriate technique. Error function calculations proved valuable for predicting the best adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and column models. 1. Introduction The contamination of wastewater and soil with heavy metal ions is a complex problem, since these metals are toxic in both their elemental and chemically combined forms. Natural water is contaminated with several heavy metals due to their widespread use in industry and agriculture arising mostly from mining wastes and industrial discharges. From an environmental protection point of view, heavy metal ions should be removed at the source in order to avoid pollution of natural waters and subsequent metal accumulation in the food chain. In fact, removal of this contamination has received much attention in recent years [1, 2]. Lead being one of the ¡°big three¡± toxic heavy metals, it is of profound concern as a toxic waste and contaminant of surface waters as it becomes concentrated throughout the food chain to humans [3]. Lead damages different body organs (central and peripheral nervous systems and kidney); also, lead has a teratogenic effect, causing stillbirth in women and affecting the fetus [4]. Conventional methods for removal are chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation, chemical reduction, ion exchange, filtration, electrochemical treatment, and evaporation [5, 6]. These methods often are very expensive. Alternative method for heavy metal removal was developed in the last past decade and known as biosorption. Marine algae, an abundant renewable natural biomass, have been used as dead nonliving materials for removal of heavy metals [7, 8]. In addition, algae were found accumulating heavy metal in their habitat and are thus used as heavy metal pollution monitors in fresh and salty water such as river, sea, and ocean. They have been also used in on-site bioremediation of polluted natural water [9, 10]. Furthermore, the search for a low-cost and easily available adsorbent has led to the investigation of materials of agricultural and biological origin (bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae can remove heavy metals
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ac/2014/205459/