%0 Journal Article
%T Crossover of the Hypothalamic Pituitary每Adrenal/Interrenal, 每Thyroid, and 每Gonadal Axes in Testicular Development
%A Diana C. Castaˋeda Cort谷s
%A Valerie S. Langlois
%A Juan I. Fernandino
%J Frontiers in Endocrinology
%D 2014
%I Frontiers Media
%R 10.3389/fendo.2014.00139
%X Besides the well-known function of thyroid hormones (THs) for regulating metabolism, it has recently been discovered that THs are also involved in testicular development in mammalian and non-mammalian species. THs, in combination with follicle stimulating hormone, lead to androgen synthesis in Danio rerio, which results in the onset of spermatogenesis in the testis, potentially relating the hypothalamic每pituitary每thyroid (HPT) gland to the hypothalamic每pituitary每gonadal (HPG) axes. Furthermore, studies in non-mammalian species have suggested that by stimulating the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), THs can be induced by corticotropin-releasing hormone. This suggests that the hypothalamic每pituitary每adrenal/interrenal gland (HPA) axis might influence the HPT axis. Additionally, it was shown that hormones pertaining to both HPT and HPA could also influence the HPG endocrine axis. For example, high levels of androgens were observed in the testis in Odonthestes bonariensis during a period of stress-induced sex-determination, which suggests that stress hormones influence the gonadal fate toward masculinization. Thus, this review highlights the hormonal interactions observed between the HPT, HPA, and HPG axes using a comparative approach in order to better understand how these endocrine systems could interact with each other to influence the development of testes.
%K thyroid hormone
%K corticotropin-releasing hormone
%K gonadotropins
%K androgen
%K testis
%K fish
%K amphibians
%U http://www.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fendo.2014.00139/abstract