%0 Journal Article %T Estradiol Binds to Insulin and Insulin Receptor Decreasing Insulin Binding in vitro %A Robert Root-Bernstein %A Patrick F. Dillon %J Frontiers in Endocrinology %D 2014 %I Frontiers Media %R 10.3389/fendo.2014.00118 %X Rationale: Insulin (INS) resistance associated with hyperestrogenemias occurs in gestational diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, estrogen therapies, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. The mechanism by which INS and estrogen interact is unknown. We hypothesize that estrogen binds directly to INS and the insulin receptor (IR) producing INS resistance. %K polycystic ovarian syndrome %K gestational diabetes mellitus %K insulin resistance %K sex hormone binding globulin %K ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome %K obesity %K metabolic syndrome %K molecular complementarity %U http://www.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fendo.2014.00118/abstract