%0 Journal Article
%T Nitric Oxide Scavenger Carboxy-PTIO Impaired Memory of Avoidance Conditioning in Goldfish
%A X. Xu
%A K. Zmolek
%J Open Journal of Social Sciences
%P 86-89
%@ 2327-5960
%D 2014
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/jss.2014.25017
%X The long-term potentiation (LTP), an activity-induced increase in the efficacy of neurotransmission, has long been conceived to be a physiological correlate of learning and memory. Investigations of synaptic transmission suggest that the postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is the upstream mediator of LTP, while nitric oxide (NO), a retrograde messenger from postsynaptic neurons to presynaptic neuron, is the downstream mediator of LTP. Our previous studies showed that microinjections of NMDA receptor antagonist D-AP5 to the goldfish telencephalon prior to trainings impaired learning of avoidance conditioning in goldfish. However, microinjections of D-AP5 to the goldfish telencephalon immediately following trainings did not impair memory of avoidance conditioning. Carboxy-PTIO is a NO scavenger that prevents NO from reaching the presynaptic neurons. The present study investigated the effects of microinjections of carboxy-PTIO to the goldfish telencephalon immediately following trainings on avoidance conditioning. The results showed that microinjections of carboxy-PTIO to the goldfish telencephalon immediately following trainings impaired memory of avoidance conditioning.
%K Avoidance Conditioning
%K Memory Consolidation
%K Nitric oxide
%K Goldfish
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=45805