%0 Journal Article
%T Development of Anti-Wear/Antioxidant Additives for  High Quality Metalworking Fluid from Waste  Petroleum Products
%A Noura Al Mehbad
%A A. M. A. Omar
%J Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology
%P 33-40
%@ 2161-489X
%D 2014
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/jsemat.2014.41006
%X <p class=\"MsoNormal\">
	<span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Surfactants</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> are</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> used for formulation metal working
fluids. These fluids are applied to the interface between a cutting tool and
the metal working piece to provide friction reduction. In the present paper</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">,</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> poly aromatic ammonium sulphonate and
polyaromatic benzyl triethanolam</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">s</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">onium ethoxylate with 6 ethylene oxide
units were synthesized and blend</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">ed</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> with coupling agent like dodecyl alcohol
and oleic acid to produce cutting fluid and evaluate </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">as </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">ant</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">i</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">wear. Values of surface tension of
these additives were measured in oil phase and consequently CMC was determined
for all additives and their mixtures in oil phase</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">.</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> The efficiency of these additives
depends on their chemical structure and the presence of ether oxygen bring</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">s </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">about </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">the </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">association of the surfactant with
metal surface, hence very good wetting properties. The antiwear characteristic
of surfactants increases with increasing polar linkages in the aromatic
moieties forming chelated and coordinated layer. This is due to the increase in </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">the </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">number of sites
to chemisorption on the metal surface. The films formed are highly condensed
ring aromatic layered structures. These films provide lower wear and depend on </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">the </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">type of surfactants concentration
%K Lube Oil
%K Antioxidants
%K Antiwears
%K Sulphonates
%K Ethoxylates
%K Phase Transfere Catalysts
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=42458