%0 Journal Article
%T Tenofovir Renal Toxicity: Evaluation of Cohorts and Clinical Studies¡ªPart One
%A Adikwu Elias
%A Ogbuehi Ijeoma
%A Nkereuwem Jonathan Edikpo
%A Deo Oputiri
%A Oru-Bo Precious Geoffrey
%J Pharmacology & Pharmacy
%P 651-662
%@ 2157-9431
%D 2013
%I Scientific Research Publishing
%R 10.4236/pp.2013.49092
%X <p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;\">
	<span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Tenofovir is one of the most commonly
used antiretrovirals in adolescents and adults because of its potency and favorable</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">pharmacokinetic and relative safety
toxicological profile. It has been combined successfully with antiretroviral
drugs from classes such as protease inhibitors, non</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">-</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors to achieve virologic
suppression in a high percentage of recipients. Despite its therapeutic success</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">,</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> quite a number of cohorts and
clinical studies have associated tenofovir with the development of renal
toxicity with few studies on the opposing end. This stimulated us to review
reported cohorts and clinical studies on tenofovir renal toxicity. In this
study it was observed that literature reported incidence</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> of </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">tenofovir renal toxicity falls within
the range of 0.7%</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">-</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">17%.
Available studies gave different appellations to tenofovir renaltoxicity, </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">which </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">include</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">fanconis syndrome, proximal tubule
dysfunction, acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, chronic kidney disease
and</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">nephrogenic </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">diabetes insipidus</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">. Markers of renal toxicity
(tubulopathy) which include glycosuria, hyperaminoaciduria,</span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> </span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">proteinuria, hyperphosphaturia,
hyperuricosuria, retinol-binding protein, beta2-microglobulinuria, decrease</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">d</span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Verdana;\"> creatinine clearance and
%K Tenofovir
%K Pharmacology
%K Renal
%K Toxicity
%K Cohorts
%U http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=40576