%0 Journal Article
%T Daily Controlled Consumption of an Electrokinetically Modified Water Alters the Fatigue Response as a Result of Strenuous Resistance Exercise
%A Paul A. Borsa
%A Kelly A. Larkin-Kaiser
%J Physiology Journal
%D 2014
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2014/673530
%X Our objective was to assess the effects of consuming electrokinetically modified water (EMW) on fatigue attenuation and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) following resistance exercise. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-arm trial was used in this investigation. Forty participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a placebo-control group. Participants consumed the EMW or placebo water daily for eighteen days prior to completing a fatigue protocol for the elbow flexors. The fatigue protocol consisted of a single bout of resistance exercise for the biceps brachii. Participants were tested for isometric strength before exercise and immediately following exercise. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction was used as the criterion measure for strength. To calculate the fatigue index, the postexercise maximal voluntary isometric contraction value was divided by the preexercise maximal voluntary isometric contraction value multiplied by 100. Also, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed using the Borg scale. Fatigue indices and RPE were significantly lower for the experimental group compared to the control group ( ). Consuming EMW for eighteen days prior to high intensity resistance exercise can significantly enhance muscle contractile function by reducing muscle fatigue and RPE. 1. Introduction Muscle fatigue during and after a single bout of high intensity exercise impairs physical performance and may increase the risk for musculoskeletal injury [1]. Muscle fatigue is observed as a progressive decline in muscular strength or force production during sustained isometric or isotonic exercise [2]. Fatiguing exercise has also been shown to cause a delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) and prolonged strength loss during recovery [3, 4]. Strength loss can be observed immediately after the exercise bout and usually peaks somewhere between 24¨C48£¿hrs after exercise and can persist for several days up to a week [5, 6]. In most individuals DOMS appears as early as 24£¿hrs after exercise and peaks at 48£¿hrs and may persist for 3¨C5 days after exercise [7]. One major problem with persistent symptoms and prolonged strength loss after fatiguing exercise is that it can delay functional recovery [4, 5]. Reducing the onset and extent of muscle fatigue and DOMS during and after resistance exercise and/or sports performance is a major concern for athletes and sports medicine professionals. Recently, a modified isotonic saline solution, RNS60, which is generated through a process involving Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille (TCP) flow, has shown potent
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/physiology/2014/673530/