%0 Journal Article
%T Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structure of Negundoside (2¡ä-p-Hydroxybenzoyl Mussaenosidic Acid)
%A Suresh Sharma
%A B. D. Gupta
%A Rajni Kant
%A Vivek K. Gupta
%J Journal of Crystallography
%D 2014
%R 10.1155/2014/745074
%X The structure of title compound Negundoside (2¡ä-p-hydroxybenzoyl mussaenosidic acid) was established by spectral and X-ray diffraction studies. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P21 having unit cell parameters: (5) £¿, (4) £¿, (5) £¿, (4)¡ã, and . The crystal structure was solved by direct method using single crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at room temperature and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to a final R value of 0.0520 for 3389 observed reflections. 1. Introduction Vitex negundo Linn (family: Verbenaceae) is widely used in the indigenous system of medicine in India. The roots and leaves of the plant are used as expectorant, febrifuge, vermifuge tonic, and aromatic [1]. The plant is reported to have anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic properties [2]. A variety of constituents have been reported from this plant. From the leaves Ghosh and Krishna isolated glucononitol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid along with two glucosides and an amorphous alkaloid [3]. In the essential oil of leaves -pinene, camphene, citral, and -caryophyllene have been reported [4]. A large number of flavonoids, namely, casticin, orientin, isoorientin, luteolin, luteolin-7-0-glucoside, corymbosin, gardenins A and B, 3-0-desmethyl-artemetin, 5-0-desmethylnobiletin, 3¡ä,4¡ä,5,5¡ä,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone, 3¡ä,5-dihydroxy-4¡ä, 7,8-trimethoxy flavanone, and 3¡ä,5-dihydroxy-4¡ä,6,7-trimethoxy-flavanone, have also been reported from this plant [5¨C8]. However the major chemical constituents of the plant are the iridoid glycosides. Five iridoid glycosides have been reported from the leaves of V. negundo; these are aucubin, agnuside [9], negundoside, and nishindaside [10]. Negundoside have been found to have significant hepatoprotective activity [11]. A number of pharmacological properties have been attributed to V. negundo including snake venom neutralization [12], hepatoprotective [13], tyrosinase inhibition [14], antiandrogenic [15], antifeeding [16], antifungal [17], analgesic, anti-inflammatory [18], central nervous system activity [19], mosquito repellent [20], nitric oxide scavenging [21], antiradical, antilipoperoxidative [22], antibacterial [23], and larvicidal [24]. 2. Experimental 2.1. Synthesis 2.1.1. Extraction of Plant Material The shade dried and powdered leaves (1£¿kg) of V. negundo were soaked in ethanol (5£¿L) and kept overnight. The percolate was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure at below 50¡ãC. The extraction procedure was repeated three times more
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jcrys/2014/745074/