%0 Journal Article
%T Development of a System to Assist Automatic Translation of Hand-Drawn Maps into Tactile Graphics and Its Usability Evaluation
%A Jianjun Chen
%A Noboru Takagi
%J Advances in Fuzzy Systems
%D 2014
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2014/357380
%X Tactile graphics are images that use raised surfaces so that a visually impaired person can feel them. Tactile maps are used by blind and partially sighted people when navigating around an environment, and they are also used prior to a visit for orientation purposes. Since the ability to read tactile graphics deeply depends on individuals, providing tactile graphics individually is needed. This implies that producing tactile graphics should be as simple as possible. Based on this background, we are developing a system for automating production of tactile maps from hand-drawn figures. In this paper, we first present a pattern recognition method for hand-drawn maps. The usability of our system is then evaluated by comparing it with the two different methods to produce tactile graphics. 1. Introduction Producing tactile maps is an important effort to bring blind people to more self-supported life. There have been many studies of computer-aided systems in order to assist the production of tactile graphics [1¨C6]. Tactile map automated creation system (TMACS) [2, 3], for example, has been developed to produce tactile maps automatically. It is a web application and produces the digital file for a tactile map from the information about two places: departure place and destination. TMACS assumes that users can be blind, and so it produces the tactile map automatically from the map database if a user only provides a departure place and destination to the system. However, tactile maps produced by TMACS are sometimes difficult to read for the blind because it is possible to include unnecessary information in the tactile maps. Further, Geospatial Information Authority of Japan has also developed a tactile map production system [4]. This system assumes that users are sighted people, and it is totally provided as a GUI application. Operating this GUI application is not easy for users who are not familiar with computers. Based on the background above, we are now developing a system for automating production of tactile maps. In the tactile map production method using our system, a sighted user first draws manually a hand-drawn map using a pencil and paper, and the map is then converted to a digital image using an image scanner or a digital camera. Finally, by using our system, the digital image is recognized and translated into digital files which are available to produce the tactile maps. Our system chooses the Edel [7] and scalable vector graphics (SVG) [8] documents as the output file formats. Here, Edel is a software system to create digital files available to
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/afs/2014/357380/