%0 Journal Article
%T Immune System Regulation in the Induction of Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies
%A Garnett Kelsoe
%A Laurent Verkoczy
%A Barton F. Haynes
%J Vaccines
%D 2014
%I MDPI AG
%R 10.3390/vaccines2010001
%X In this brief review, we discuss immune tolerance as a factor that determines the magnitude and quality of serum antibody responses to HIV-1 infection and vaccination in the context of recent work. We propose that many conserved, neutralizing epitopes of HIV-1 are weakly immunogenic because they mimic host antigens. In consequence, B cells that strongly bind these determinants are removed by the physiological process of immune tolerance. This structural mimicry may represent a significant impediment to designing protective HIV-1 vaccines, but we note that several vaccine strategies may be able to mitigate this evolutionary adaptation of HIV and other microbial pathogens.
%K HIV-1 vaccines
%K immune tolerance
%K broadly neutralizing antibody
%K B-cell lineage design
%K HIV-1 vaccine strategy
%U http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/2/1/1