%0 Journal Article
%T Implantable Devices: Issues and Challenges
%A Kateryna Bazaka
%A Mohan V. Jacob
%J Electronics
%D 2013
%I MDPI AG
%R 10.3390/electronics2010001
%X Ageing population and a multitude of neurological and cardiovascular illnesses that cannot be mitigated by medication alone have resulted in a significant growth in the number of patients that require implantable electronic devices. These range from sensors, gastric and cardiac pacemakers, cardioverter defibrillators, to deep brain, nerve, and bone stimulators. Long-term implants present specific engineering challenges, including low energy consumption and stable performance. Resorbable electronics may offer excellent short-term performance without the need for surgical removal. However, most electronic materials have poor bio- and cytocompatibility, resulting in immune reactions and infections. This paper reviews the current situation and highlights challenges for future advancements.
%K implantable electronic device
%K bioresorbable electronics
%K radio-frequency (RF) wireless powering
%K encapsulation
%U http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/2/1/1